Ungkapan Meminta Maaf. Expression of Apologizing

Adalah ungkapan yang kita ucapkan untuk meminta maaf setelah kita melakukan kesalahan atau menolak sebuah permintaan dengan cara yang sopan dan halus.

Berikut ini contoh ungkapan meminta maaf besserta cara meresponnya.

Apologizing	Responding
I am really sorry. I am sorry for arriving late Please forgive me I do apologize Sorry for what I have done. I didn’t mean to.	Never mind. O.K. but don’t do it again Sure. It’s all right. It’s O.K. Forget it.

Contoh dalam dialog.

Aziza      : Amanda I want to say something to you.

Amanda  : What is it?

Aziza      : I am sorry for breaking your new cup. I didn’t mean to do that.

Amanda  : It’s O.K. Just forget it. Anyway I didn’t like that cup since I got it from someone.

Ungkapan Salam Perpisahan. Expression of Taking Leave

Ungkapan salam perpisahan/taking leave diucapkan ketika kita akan berpisah dengan orang

lain.

Berikut adalah beberapa contoh ungkapan salam perpisahan/taking leave.

Taking Leave	Responses
Goodbye./Bye./Bye-bye. Seeyou (later/tomorrow) Goodnight. So long. Take care. Take care of yourself. Sorry, I have to go now. Sorry, I need to go now. Sorry, I think I should go now. Sorry, I think I must go now.	Bye./Bye-bye See you. Goodnight. See you You too. Thanks. Bye. O.K. Let’s keep in touch. O.K. take care. It’s nice to see you. It’s nice to talk to you

Contoh percakapan

Mr. Andrew : Good morning Jhon
Jhon             : Good morning Mr. Andrew.
Mr. Andrew : Why you look in a hurry.
Jhon             : I’m sorry, Sir, I have to catch my bus. Good bye Mr. Andrew
Mr. Andrew : Good Bye, Jhon. Take care.

Jhon             : You too, Mr, Andrew.

Ungkapan Sapaan/Greetings

Ungkapaan Sapaan / Expression of Greetings

Ungkapan sapaan/greeting diucapkan ketika kita bertemu dengan seseorang dan ingin meyapanya.

Berikut ini adalah contoh ungkapan sapaan/greeting.

Greeting	Responses
Hello/Hi Good morning Good afternoon Good evening Hi. How are you? Hello. How are you doing. Morning. How’s life (informal) Good to see you again.	Hello/Hi Good morning Good afternoon Good evening I’m fine thanks/ Fine, thanks. How about you? Hello. I’m great. Thanks Morning. Not bad, thanks, and you? Good to see you too.
Asking about One’s Condition
How are you? How are you doing? How’s life? How are you feeling now? Are you O.K.?	I am fine. (psikis) I am well. (fisik) I am great. Very well I am not very good No, I am not. I have a flu
The following are kinds of common sickness
Headache Dizzy Stomachache Toothache Backache The flu Cold Cough Fever Sore throat Sore eye(s)	Sakit kepala Pusing Sakit perut Sakit gigi Sakit punggung Flu Masuk angin Batuk Demam Sakit tenggorokan Sakit mata

Contoh percakapan

Jhon               : Good morning, Mr. Andrew. How are you?

Mr.Andrew    : I am fine. Thank you. And you?
Jhon               : I’m not feeling well.

Mr.Andrew    : What’s the matter with you?

Jhon               : I have a headache.

Mr.Andrew    : Please have a rest in the medical room.

Jhon               : Thank you, Sir.

Catatan.

Goodmorning diucapkan pada pukul00.01 pagi s.d. 12.00 siang.

Goodafternoon diucapkan pada pukul 12.01 siang s.d. 06.00 sore.
Goodevening diucapkan pada pukul 06.01 sore s.d. 00.00 tengah malam.
Goodnight diucapkan ketika hendak berpisah/salam perpisahan atau ketika kita ingin mengucapkan selamat tidur.

References:

Greeting. https://www.learnenglish.de/basics/greetings.html

Accessed on January 30, 2020

Simple Present Tense

Simple Present Tense

Dalam bahasa Inggris waktu kejadian sangatlah diperhatikan. Waktu kejadian suatu peristiwa dapat mempengaruhi makna yang ingin disampaikan oleh si pembicara terhadap lawan bicaranya. Waktu kejadian suatu peristiwa juga mempengaruhi bentuk predikat dalam kalimat bahasa Inggris.

Terdapat 12 bentuk waktu dalam bahasa Inggris yang bisa kita cermati dalam tabel di bawah ini.

Past Time (Waktu Lampau)	Present Time (Waktu Sekarang)	Future Time (Waktu Akan Datang)
Simple Past Tense	Simple Present Tense	Simple Future Tense
Simple Past Continuous Tense	Simple Present Continuous Tense	Simple Future Continuous Tense
Simple Past Perfect Tense	Simple Present Perfect Tense	Simple Future Perfect Tense
Simple Past Perfect Continuous Tense	Simple Present Perfect Continuous Tense	Simple Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Bentuk dan Makna dari Simple Present Tense.
a)     Dinda takes a shower everyday. b)     I usually read the newspaper in the morning. c)     She does’t go to school on Sunday. d)     The sun rises from the east.	Simple Present Tense di gunakan untuk: 1.    kegiatan yang menjadi kebiasaan sehari-hari dan berulang-ulang seperti pada contoh (a), (b), (c). 2.    Fungsi yang kedua yaitu untuk menyatakan general truth/kebenaran yang bersifat umum/universal. Seperti pada contoh (d).

Positive Sentence (Kalimat Positif)
I-You-They-We-Plural+V1	He-She-It-Singular+V1+s/es
Examples: I read newspaper every morning. They watch movie on Sundays. We study English every time.	Examples: He reads novel every morning. She watches movie on Sundays. Rania studies English every time.

Aturan penambahan “s/es”
set-sets read-reads work-wroks sing-sings shine-shines speak-speaks write-writes help-helps	Pada umumnya kata kerja simple present tense langsung ditambahkan dengang akhiran -s
teach-teaches wash-washes fix-fixes freez-freezes kiss-kisses go-goes	Kata kerja Simple Present Tense yang berakhiran –ch, -sh, -x, -z, -s dan –o, ditambahkan akhiran –es.
study-studies carry-carries fly-flies fly-flies cry-cries	Kata kerja Simple Present Tense yang berakhiran konsonan+y, hilangkan huruf “y” nya lalu ganti dengan -ies.
play-plays lay-lays say-says buy-buys	Kata kerja Simple Present Tense yang berakhiran vokal+y, cukup tambahkan –s.
can-open must-work can-read	Untuk kata kerja Simple Present Tense yang diawali oleh kata bantu, maka tidak menggunakan tambahan –s/-es.

Pelafalan akhiran “-s/-es”

Terdapat 3 cara pelafalan akhirn “-s/-es” pada Simple Present Tense. Akhiran tersebut bisa dilafalkan sebagai /s/, /z/, atau /iz/. Penjelasan mengenai cara pelafalan akhiran “-s/-es” di uraikan sebagai berikut:

“-s/-es” dilafalkan sebagai /s/ apabila bunyi akhir sebelum akhiran “-s/-es ‘ adalah: 1)       /f/=>leafs /liefs/ 2)       /h/=>laugh /laefs/ 3)       /k/=>talks /toks/ 4)       /p/=>clips /klips/

“-s/-es” dilafalkan sebagai /z/ apabila bunyi akhir sebelum akhiran “-s/-es” adalah: 1)       /b/=> rubs /rabz/ 2)       /d/=>pad /paedz/ 3)       /g/=>hugs /hagz/ 4)       /j/ 5)       /l/=>heals /hielz/ 6)       /m/=>dims /dimz/ 7)       /n/=>fan /faenz/ 8)       /ng/=>rings /ringz/ 9)       /r/=>rulers /rulerz/ 10)   /v/=>incentives /insentivz/ 11)   /w/=>pillows /pilowz/ 12)   Semuabunyi huruf vokal=>babies /beibiez/

“-s/-es” dilafalkan sebagai /iz/ (pelafalannya hampir sama dengan “is”) apabila bunyi akhir sebelum akhiran “-s/-es” adalah: 1)       /s/=>kisses /kisiz/ 2)       /ks/=>boxes /boksiz/ 3)       /z/=>freezes /frieziz/ 4)       /dg/=>pages /peidgiz/

ADVERB OF FREQUENCY

100%        always        Sherryl always drinks a glass of milk. 90%-99% usually         Dinda usually drinks a glass of milk. 75%-90% often           They often play football in the yard. 25%-75% sometimes   She sometimes borrows book from the library. 5%-10%   seldom        He seldom watches TV. 1%-10%    rarely         She rarely drinks a glass of milk. 0%             never         She never eats paper.

Negative Sentence (Kalimat Negatif)
I-You-They-We-Plural+do not+V1                                       don’t	He-She-It-Singular+does not+V1                                 doesn’t
Examples: I don’t read newspaper everyday. They don’t read a novel every day. You dont’t play football eve I read newspaper every morning They read a novel every day. You play football every Sunday. My mother and I cook meals.	Examples: He doesn’t read newspaper everyday She doesn’t play badminton The dog doesn’t bark at night My father doesn’t go to his office My mother doesn’t cook meal

Interrogative sentence (Kalimat Kalimat Tanya)
Do+I-You-They-We-Plural+V1? Apakah	Does+He-She-It-Singular+V1? Apakah
Examples: Do you play football everyday? Do They always watch TV? Do your mother and father watch TV in the livngroom?	Examples: Does He play badminton everyday? Does She always watch TV? Does your father always go to school every morning?

YES/NO Question.
Question	Answer
Do you have an umbrella? Do they always play football every Sunday? Do your mother and father watch TV in the livingroom? Does she always call you? Does your mother usually cook some meals in the kitchen?	Yes, I do. No, I do not/No, I don’t. Yes, They do. No, They do not/No, They don’t. Yes, They do. No, They do not/No, They don’t. Yes, She does. No, She does not/No, She doesn’t. Yes, She does. No, She does not/No, She doesn’t.

Pertanyaan Menggunakan “Where”
Where+do+Subject+V1? Where+does+Subject+V1?
Statement.	Question
They live in Bandung.	Where do they live?
You study in the classroom.	Where do they study?
She lives in Bandung.	Where does she live?
Robert reads books in the library.	Where does Robert read books?

Pertanyaan menggunakan “When” dan “What time”
When+do+Subject+V1? When+does+Subejct+V1? What time+do+Subject+V1? What tme+does+Subject+V1?	When dan What time memiliki fungsi yang sama yaitu untuk menanyakan waktu kejadian suatu peristiwa.
They always come at school at 7 o’clock. My father arrives at his office at 8 a.m.	What time do they come at school? When do they come at school? When time does your father arrive at his office? When does your father arrive at his office?

BE (am. is, are)

Be

(am, is, are)

1.1       NOUN      +     IS     +     NOUN: Singular Form (bentuk Tunggal)
a)     Indonesia is a country	1.     Kata “singular” bermakna satu. Pada contoh (a) 2.     Indonesia   = a singular noun (sebuah kata benda tunggal) 3.     is    =          a singular verb(verb/predikat tunggal) 4.     country      =          a singular noun (kata benda tunggal) 5.     a dan an disebut dengan “article” dan keduanya memiliki makna “satu”. 6.     a digunakan pada didepan kata benda yang berawalan bunyi konsonan. Contoh: a boy. 7.     an digunakan didepan kata benda yang berawalan bunyi vokal. Contoh: an office.
b)     Malaysia is a countrry
c)     A bird is an animal

1.2       NOUN      +     ARE     +     NOUN: Plural Form (bentuk Jamak)

(a)   Birds are animals (b)  Indonesia and Canada are countries (c)   Birds and cats are animals

1.        “Plural” bermakna jamak atau berjumlah lebih dari satu.  Pada contoh (a) 2.        birds        = a plural noun (sebuah kata benda jamak) 3.        are          = a plural verb (verb/predikat jamak) 4.         animals   = a plural noun 5.         Kata benda berbentuk jamak pada umumnya diakhiri dengan huruf “s” 6.        Untuk kata benda yang berakhiran “huruf konsonan + y” mendapat akhiran –ies setelah menhilangkan huruf “y” nya. Contoh: country -> countries

Chapter I

1.4       CONTRACTIONS WITH BE (singkatan dengan menggunkan “be”)
I      + am She    +   is He     +   is It       +   is You   +   are We    +   are They +   are	I’m She’s He’s It’s You’re We’re They’re	I’m a student She’s a student He’s a student It’s a new car You’re a student We’re students They’re students	1.    Contraction/singkatan dalam pengucapannya harus diucapkan bersama-sama. 2.    Untuk singkatan pronoun+be digunakan baik saat kita menulis atau berbicara

SPASI TABEL

1.5       NEGATIVE WITH BE   Kalimat Negative menggunakan “be”
(a)  I am not a barber (b) You are not a barber (c)  She is not a barber (d) He is not a barber (e)  It is not a new car (f)  We are not barbers (g) You are not barbers (h) They are not barbers	I’m not you’re not / you aren’t she’s not / she isn’t he’e not / he isn’t it’s not / it isn’t we’re not /  we aren’t you’re not / you aren’t they’re not / they aren’t	Kata not membuat kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris menjadi negative.

SPASI TABEL 6

1.6       BE +  ADJECTIVE     Kata Sifat
(a) A ball                  is         round. (b)Balls                    are       round. (c) Marry                 is         intelligent. (d)Mary adn Tom    are       intelligent. (e) I                           am       hungry. (f) She                      is         young. (g)They                    are       happy.	Round, intelligent, hungry, young, happy adalah kata sifat/adjective.

SPASI TABEL 7

1.7       BE +  A PLACE
I am here She is there He is downstairs We are upstairs They are outside You are inside Girls are downtown	Dinda is at the library The students are on the bus Shania is in her room My father is at work I am next to Maria
Some Common Preposition (beberapa preposisi yang umum dipakai) above     between      next to at            from           on behind    in                under