Simple Present Tense

Simple Present Tense

Dalam bahasa Inggris waktu kejadian sangatlah diperhatikan. Waktu kejadian suatu peristiwa dapat mempengaruhi makna yang ingin disampaikan oleh si pembicara terhadap lawan bicaranya. Waktu kejadian suatu peristiwa juga mempengaruhi bentuk predikat dalam kalimat bahasa Inggris.

Terdapat 12 bentuk waktu dalam bahasa Inggris yang bisa kita cermati dalam tabel di bawah ini.

Past Time (Waktu Lampau)	Present Time (Waktu Sekarang)	Future Time (Waktu Akan Datang)
Simple Past Tense	Simple Present Tense	Simple Future Tense
Simple Past Continuous Tense	Simple Present Continuous Tense	Simple Future Continuous Tense
Simple Past Perfect Tense	Simple Present Perfect Tense	Simple Future Perfect Tense
Simple Past Perfect Continuous Tense	Simple Present Perfect Continuous Tense	Simple Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Bentuk dan Makna dari Simple Present Tense.
a)     Dinda takes a shower everyday. b)     I usually read the newspaper in the morning. c)     She does’t go to school on Sunday. d)     The sun rises from the east.	Simple Present Tense di gunakan untuk: 1.    kegiatan yang menjadi kebiasaan sehari-hari dan berulang-ulang seperti pada contoh (a), (b), (c). 2.    Fungsi yang kedua yaitu untuk menyatakan general truth/kebenaran yang bersifat umum/universal. Seperti pada contoh (d).

Positive Sentence (Kalimat Positif)
I-You-They-We-Plural+V1	He-She-It-Singular+V1+s/es
Examples: I read newspaper every morning. They watch movie on Sundays. We study English every time.	Examples: He reads novel every morning. She watches movie on Sundays. Rania studies English every time.

Aturan penambahan “s/es”
set-sets read-reads work-wroks sing-sings shine-shines speak-speaks write-writes help-helps	Pada umumnya kata kerja simple present tense langsung ditambahkan dengang akhiran -s
teach-teaches wash-washes fix-fixes freez-freezes kiss-kisses go-goes	Kata kerja Simple Present Tense yang berakhiran –ch, -sh, -x, -z, -s dan –o, ditambahkan akhiran –es.
study-studies carry-carries fly-flies fly-flies cry-cries	Kata kerja Simple Present Tense yang berakhiran konsonan+y, hilangkan huruf “y” nya lalu ganti dengan -ies.
play-plays lay-lays say-says buy-buys	Kata kerja Simple Present Tense yang berakhiran vokal+y, cukup tambahkan –s.
can-open must-work can-read	Untuk kata kerja Simple Present Tense yang diawali oleh kata bantu, maka tidak menggunakan tambahan –s/-es.

Pelafalan akhiran “-s/-es”

Terdapat 3 cara pelafalan akhirn “-s/-es” pada Simple Present Tense. Akhiran tersebut bisa dilafalkan sebagai /s/, /z/, atau /iz/. Penjelasan mengenai cara pelafalan akhiran “-s/-es” di uraikan sebagai berikut:

“-s/-es” dilafalkan sebagai /s/ apabila bunyi akhir sebelum akhiran “-s/-es ‘ adalah: 1)       /f/=>leafs /liefs/ 2)       /h/=>laugh /laefs/ 3)       /k/=>talks /toks/ 4)       /p/=>clips /klips/

“-s/-es” dilafalkan sebagai /z/ apabila bunyi akhir sebelum akhiran “-s/-es” adalah: 1)       /b/=> rubs /rabz/ 2)       /d/=>pad /paedz/ 3)       /g/=>hugs /hagz/ 4)       /j/ 5)       /l/=>heals /hielz/ 6)       /m/=>dims /dimz/ 7)       /n/=>fan /faenz/ 8)       /ng/=>rings /ringz/ 9)       /r/=>rulers /rulerz/ 10)   /v/=>incentives /insentivz/ 11)   /w/=>pillows /pilowz/ 12)   Semuabunyi huruf vokal=>babies /beibiez/

“-s/-es” dilafalkan sebagai /iz/ (pelafalannya hampir sama dengan “is”) apabila bunyi akhir sebelum akhiran “-s/-es” adalah: 1)       /s/=>kisses /kisiz/ 2)       /ks/=>boxes /boksiz/ 3)       /z/=>freezes /frieziz/ 4)       /dg/=>pages /peidgiz/

ADVERB OF FREQUENCY

100%        always        Sherryl always drinks a glass of milk. 90%-99% usually         Dinda usually drinks a glass of milk. 75%-90% often           They often play football in the yard. 25%-75% sometimes   She sometimes borrows book from the library. 5%-10%   seldom        He seldom watches TV. 1%-10%    rarely         She rarely drinks a glass of milk. 0%             never         She never eats paper.

Negative Sentence (Kalimat Negatif)
I-You-They-We-Plural+do not+V1                                       don’t	He-She-It-Singular+does not+V1                                 doesn’t
Examples: I don’t read newspaper everyday. They don’t read a novel every day. You dont’t play football eve I read newspaper every morning They read a novel every day. You play football every Sunday. My mother and I cook meals.	Examples: He doesn’t read newspaper everyday She doesn’t play badminton The dog doesn’t bark at night My father doesn’t go to his office My mother doesn’t cook meal

Interrogative sentence (Kalimat Kalimat Tanya)
Do+I-You-They-We-Plural+V1? Apakah	Does+He-She-It-Singular+V1? Apakah
Examples: Do you play football everyday? Do They always watch TV? Do your mother and father watch TV in the livngroom?	Examples: Does He play badminton everyday? Does She always watch TV? Does your father always go to school every morning?

YES/NO Question.
Question	Answer
Do you have an umbrella? Do they always play football every Sunday? Do your mother and father watch TV in the livingroom? Does she always call you? Does your mother usually cook some meals in the kitchen?	Yes, I do. No, I do not/No, I don’t. Yes, They do. No, They do not/No, They don’t. Yes, They do. No, They do not/No, They don’t. Yes, She does. No, She does not/No, She doesn’t. Yes, She does. No, She does not/No, She doesn’t.

Pertanyaan Menggunakan “Where”
Where+do+Subject+V1? Where+does+Subject+V1?
Statement.	Question
They live in Bandung.	Where do they live?
You study in the classroom.	Where do they study?
She lives in Bandung.	Where does she live?
Robert reads books in the library.	Where does Robert read books?

Pertanyaan menggunakan “When” dan “What time”
When+do+Subject+V1? When+does+Subejct+V1? What time+do+Subject+V1? What tme+does+Subject+V1?	When dan What time memiliki fungsi yang sama yaitu untuk menanyakan waktu kejadian suatu peristiwa.
They always come at school at 7 o’clock. My father arrives at his office at 8 a.m.	What time do they come at school? When do they come at school? When time does your father arrive at his office? When does your father arrive at his office?